Nitrification of human urine performed for its stabilization, and culture of Spirulina platensis in the nitrified human urine were investigated for nutrient recovery. With daily adjusting to pH 8 and keeping high dissolved oxygen concentration, mean 95.0% of NH4-N in human urine can be finally stabilized and oxidized to NO3-N. Furthermore, this nitrified human urine seems to be an ideal culture medium for S. platensis. Without pH adjustment, only about 50.0% NH4-N could be converted, i.e. NH4NO3 would be formed. Under low dissolved oxygen concentration, mainly short nitrification (from NH4-N to NO2-N) occurred.
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Human Urine Research
Urine formation helps to maintain the balance of minerals and other substances in the body. For example, excess of calcium is normally eliminated through the Urine . Urine also excretes ammonia, the build-up of which is harmful to the body. In addition, Urine is the result of a mechanism that maintains the appropriate amount of water in the body.
A urinalysis (or "UA") is an array of tests performed on urine and one of the most common methods of medical diagnosis. A part of a urinalysis can be performed by using urine dipsticks, in which the test results can be read as color changes. Typical test on the strip include: glucose, Ketones, Blood, Protein, Nitrite, pH, Urobilinogen , Bilirubin , Leukocyte(s) and Specific gravity .
Latest Human Urine Research includes:
Human Urine Research: Normal Urine contains thousands of proteins, largely due to the presence of 'exosomes,' tiny vesicles secreted into the Urine by renal epithelial cells. These exosomes, demonstrated by Keller and colleagues to be also retrievable from amniotic fluid, offer great promise for future disease biomarker discovery studies.REf: Kidney International (2007) 72, 1043–1045. doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5002510
Detection of Transcript for Brain-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein in Tumors and Urine of Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma. Urology, Volume 69, Issue 2, Pages 236-240
A urinalysis (or "UA") is an array of tests performed on urine and one of the most common methods of medical diagnosis. A part of a urinalysis can be performed by using urine dipsticks, in which the test results can be read as color changes. Typical test on the strip include: glucose, Ketones, Blood, Protein, Nitrite, pH, Urobilinogen , Bilirubin , Leukocyte(s) and Specific gravity .
Latest Human Urine Research includes:
Human Urine Research: Normal Urine contains thousands of proteins, largely due to the presence of 'exosomes,' tiny vesicles secreted into the Urine by renal epithelial cells. These exosomes, demonstrated by Keller and colleagues to be also retrievable from amniotic fluid, offer great promise for future disease biomarker discovery studies.REf: Kidney International (2007) 72, 1043–1045. doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5002510
Detection of Transcript for Brain-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein in Tumors and Urine of Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma. Urology, Volume 69, Issue 2, Pages 236-240
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